1. Design of the Engine Room for Emergency and Standby Diesel Generator Sets:
1.1 The engine room should be located on the first floor, basement, or the roof of the building. If the basement is more than three floors, it should not be located on the lowest floor and should be positioned near the substation.
1.2 The engine room should be arranged along the external walls of the building and must include ventilation, moisture-proof measures, exhaust systems for the generator units, noise reduction, and vibration damping measures, all while meeting environmental protection requirements.
1.3 The engine room should have designated spaces for the generator room, control room, distribution room, oil storage room, and spare parts storage room. When the capacity of a single generator is not greater than 1000 kW or the total capacity does not exceed 1200 kW, the generator room, control room, and distribution room may be combined into one room.
1.4 The number and capacity of the units should be determined based on factors such as the size of emergency or standby loads and the maximum starting capacity of the electric motors. When emergency or standby loads are large, multiple units can be operated in parallel. The number of parallel emergency diesel generators should not exceed 4 units, and the number of parallel standby diesel generators should not exceed 7 units. For units with a rated voltage of 230V/400V, the total capacity after paralleling should not exceed 3000 kW. If parallel conditions are limited, zoned power supply may be implemented.
1.5 If the engine room area is 50 m² or less, at least one entrance and exit should be provided. For engine rooms with an area of 50 m² or a length exceeding 7 meters, at least two entrances and exits should be provided, with one being large enough to accommodate the transportation of the generator units. The doors and observation windows between the generator room and the control room or distribution room should have fire and soundproofing measures, with the doors being class A fire-rated doors and opening toward the generator room.
1.6 The layout of the equipment in the engine room should meet the operational and process requirements of the generator units:
The units should be arranged transversely.
When the engine room is adjacent to the control room or distribution room, the generator output terminals and cable trenches should be placed close to the control room or distribution room side.
The distance between the units and the walls or corridors should be sufficient to allow for equipment transportation, on-site operation, maintenance, and installation of auxiliary equipment.
Note: When the unit is designed with water cooling, the distance between the diesel engine end can be appropriately reduced; if the unit requires silencing measures, the dimensions should be reconsidered.
1. Intake Vent Design:
1.1 The intake vent should be positioned directly in front of the generator end or on both sides of the generator end. The intake vent area should not be less than 1.6 times the area of the diesel engine's radiator.
1.2 The area for natural intake should be larger than 1.25 times the area of the exhaust vent.
2. Exhaust (Hot Air) Vent Design:
2.1 The hot air exhaust vent should be positioned close to the side of the diesel engine radiator.
2.2 A flexible joint should be used where the hot air duct connects to the diesel engine radiator.
2.3 The exhaust vent area should not be smaller than 1.5 times the area of the diesel engine's radiator.
2.4 The exhaust vent should not be placed on the side where the prevailing wind direction is, but if this is difficult, a windbreak wall should be added.
2.5 If the generator is located in the basement and the hot air duct cannot be laid out in a straight line, the number of elbows in the hot air duct should not exceed two, and the resistance loss of the duct should be calculated.
Fresh Air and Exhaust Gas Volume Coordination:
The fresh air and exhaust gas volumes must be reasonably coordinated, and the impact on the environmental noise should be considered.
Ventilation Requirements for Diesel Generator Operation:
During operation, the ventilation rate of the engine room should be equal to or greater than the sum of the fresh air required for the diesel engine combustion and the fresh air needed to maintain the room's temperature. According to international data, the fresh air required to maintain room temperature can be determined by the following formula:
The required fresh air volume for diesel engine combustion can be obtained from the diesel engine manufacturer. If the altitude increases, the air volume should increase by 10% for every 763 meters. If such data is unavailable, it can be roughly estimated that for each kW of brake power, 0.1 m³/min of fresh air is needed.
1) Each diesel engine's exhaust pipe should be routed separately to the exhaust duct. It is preferable to install the exhaust pipe overhead, but it can also be placed in a trench. The number of bends in the exhaust pipe should be minimized, and it should be free to move. The horizontal exhaust pipe leading to the exhaust duct should have a slope of 0.3%~0.5%, and a drain valve should be installed at the lowest point of the exhaust pipe.
2) When the exhaust pipe is installed overhead in the room, it should be insulated with a protective layer.
3) The exhaust backpressure should not exceed the diesel engine's specified backpressure. For longer exhaust pipes, natural compensating sections should be used, and the exhaust pipe diameter should be increased. If natural compensating sections cannot be set up, compensators should be installed.
4) An elastic bellows should be installed at the exhaust pipe's connection to the diesel engine exhaust port.
5) If the exhaust pipe passes through a wall, a protective sleeve should be added. When the pipe extends through the roof, a rain cap should be installed at the outlet.
6) Non-turbocharged diesel engines should have silencers installed in the exhaust pipe. Two diesel engines should not share a single silencer, and each silencer should be independently fixed.
1) The diesel generator room should be separated from other areas by fire-resistant walls with a fire resistance rating of at least 2.00 hours and a floor with a fire resistance rating of at least 1.50 hours.
2) The soft connection between the generator's cooling water tank and the exhaust vent should be made of fire-resistant material with sufficient fire resistance.
3) An independent oil storage room should be set up inside the generator room. The oil tank's capacity should not exceed 1 m³, and the oil storage amount should be no more than 8 hours' worth of fuel.
4) The oil storage room should have a 10 cm thick layer of fine sand to prevent oil leakage. The specific height should be calculated based on the storage room's area and the oil tank's volume.
5) The oil tank should have a vent pipe extending to the outside, with a breathing valve (with a flame arrestor) at the end. A rain cap may also be required.
1) The generator set used for emergency power supply should be in a self-starting state at all times. When the city power supply is interrupted, the low-voltage generator should supply power within 30 seconds, and the high-voltage generator should supply power within 60 seconds.
2) The generator's power source should not operate in parallel with the city power grid, and there should be an interlock mechanism to prevent accidental parallel connection.
3) When the city power supply is restored, the generator should automatically switch to the normal power source, and the generator should automatically shut down after a delay.
4) To prevent the simultaneous startup of electrical motors in emergency equipment (which could cause the diesel generator to shut down), the equipment should have different time delays to stagger the starting times.
5) When loads have equal importance, it is recommended to start the larger capacity loads first.
1) Generally, the signal line should be taken from the auxiliary contacts of the main switch of the city power supply.
2) The wiring can be taken from the transformer’s outgoing terminal.
1) The voltage startup signal can be picked from the switch’s upper terminal.
2) The PLC programmable controller of the switch can be used to send out the signal.
3) If there are two transformers, install an intermediate relay in the main cabinet of each transformer. The normally closed contacts of the intermediate relay will be connected in series with the generator start-up circuit. When the city power supply is lost, the normally closed contact of the intermediate relay will close, triggering the start-up signal.
4) The auto-start signal line can be connected with either an active or passive signal. Active signals are more convenient, as they do not require additional charging wires. The typical specification for the signal wire is RV-2*1.5mm².
1) For generator sets with a voltage rating of 1kV and below, the grounding of the neutral point should follow these regulations:
1) If only one generator set is used, the generator's neutral point should be directly grounded. The grounding method of the generator should be consistent with that of the low-voltage distribution system.
2) When multiple generator sets are running in parallel, the neutral point of each generator should be grounded through a knife switch or contactor.
2) For generator sets with a voltage rating of 3kV~10kV, the grounding method should preferably use low-resistance neutral point grounding or ungrounded neutral point. In systems with low-resistance grounding, when multiple generators are running in parallel, each generator should be equipped with a grounding resistor.
3) Grounding and communication requirements for the diesel generator room should meet the following standards:
1) The grounding within the generator room should adopt a common grounding system.
2) The equipment and pipelines in the fuel system should have anti-static grounding measures.
3) The control room and duty room should be equipped with communication telephones, including a dedicated telephone extension for fire safety.
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